Robert Hay KC Blog

Robert Hay

  • When will a deposit be a penalty?

    Deposits hold a special place in contracts for the sale of land and do not fall within the general rules about penalties. Where a purchaser defaults the deposit (customarily 10 per cent) can be forfeited even though the amount of the deposit bears no reference to the anticipated loss to the vendor flowing from the

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  • Creditors have a powerful weapon against fraudulent debtors

    Debtors often dispose of property to avoid paying creditors. Section 172 of the Property Law Act 1958 (Vic) provides creditors with a powerful weapon to defeat them. In Grapple Pay Pty Ltd v Conroy [2025] NSWCA 171 the New South Wales Court of Appeal added a gloss to the principles governing the New South Wales

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  • Default notice not needed where there is a repudiation of the contract

    In Gayed & Anor v Yuan [2024] VSCA 85 the Victorian Court of Appeal confirmed that: The purchasers bought land for $3,190,000 and paid a deposit of 10% of the purchase price, being $319,000. Three weeks before settlement the purchasers’ solicitor advised the vendor that the purchasers would be approximately $160,000 “short” of the balance needed to

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  • New edition of ‘Mortgagee’s Power of Sale’ published

    The latest edition of The Mortgagee’s Power of Sale has been published by LexisNexis.   Now in its fourth edition this book started life in 1980. The book is primarily written for practitioners and the text is arranged, as far as possible, in the same chronological order as the steps a mortgagee may take in selling mortgaged property under the

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  • Real estate agents face claims for recovery of commissions

    Vendors of properties who have paid commissions to real estate agents are gearing up to recover the commissions on the ground that they were paid by mistake following the Court of Appeal’s decision in Advisory Services Pty Ltd v Augustin [2018] VSCA 95. Agents are in turn likely to take action against the party that drafted

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  • Retail Leases Act 2003 (Vic) likely to apply where tenant provides a service

    Where a tenant provides services from leased premises in accordance with the permitted use the lease is likely to be a “retail premises lease” and therefore governed by the Retail Leases Act 2003 (Vic). In every case it is necessary to identify precisely the service being provided, consider what activity is permitted under the lease

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  • Controversy resolved – but more tenants under 15 year leases lose protection of Retail Leases Act 2003 (Vic)

    Leased premises that are “retail premises” within the meaning of s.4(1) of the Retail Leases Act 2003 are excluded from the operation of the Act where the lease term is 15 years or longer and other conditions are met. See: ss.5(1)(c) and 4(2)(f) and the Ministerial Determination dated 23 August 2004. The Ministerial Determination has

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  • Vendor not entitled to interest on unpaid contract price where contract terminated

    Vendors who terminate contracts for the sale of land on the ground of a default by the purchaser often claim interest on moneys that have not been paid calculated from the date of the breach to the date of termination. Clause 25 of the general conditions of the standard form of contract concerning the sale

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  • Unfair term provisions provide tenants with a new weapon

    Tenants with less than 20 employees will soon have a new weapon in disputes with landlords as a result of amendments to the Australian Consumer Law: they will be able to challenge a term in a lease that is  “unfair”. The legislation effecting the changes, the Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small Business and Unfair Contract Terms)

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  • Hopeless proceeding can result in a cost order under Retail Leases Act 2003 (Vic)

    The weakness of a party’s case in a retail tenancy dispute can be taken into account in determining whether or not it has “conducted” a “proceeding in a vexatious way” that would entitle the other party to a cost order under s.92(2) of the Retail Leases Act 2003 (Vic). Part 10 of the Act contains

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